Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can affect both children and adults. The symptoms of ADHD can be categorized into two main types: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Not everyone with ADHD will display all of these symptoms, and the severity of symptoms can vary. The symptoms must also significantly interfere with daily functioning and development for a diagnosis of ADHD to be made. Here are the main symptoms associated with each type:
1. Inattention:
- Often makes careless mistakes in work or other activities due to lack of attention to detail.
- Has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities.
- Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
- Frequently fails to follow through on instructions and fails to finish tasks (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions).
- Has difficulty organizing tasks and activities.
- Avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort.
- Frequently loses items necessary for tasks and activities (e.g., school materials, keys, wallet, phone).
- Easily distracted by unrelated stimuli.
- Forgetful in daily activities.
2. Hyperactivity-impulsivity:
- Fidgets or taps hands or feet.
- Unable to stay seated in situations where it is expected.
- Runs or climbs in inappropriate situations (in adolescents or adults, this may be limited to subjective feelings of restlessness).
- Unable to play or engage in activities quietly.
- Talks excessively.
- Interrupts or intrudes on others' conversations or games.
- Has difficulty waiting for one's turn.
- Often blurts out answers before questions have been completed.
- Has difficulty waiting in line or taking turns.
It's important to note that ADHD is a clinical diagnosis, and a healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, should be consulted for a comprehensive evaluation if ADHD is suspected. Additionally, ADHD can present differently in children and adults, and symptoms may change over time. Treatment options often involve a combination of behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, and, in some cases, medication.